Adam Isacson

Defense, security, borders, migration, and human rights in Latin America and the United States. May not reflect my employer’s consensus view.

Archives

June 2017

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Neoreich photo at Diálogo (U.S. Southern Command). Caption: “Colombia was the first South American country after Brazil to include the Super Tucano in its Air Force fleet.”

(Even more here)

June 30, 2017

Brazil

With elections 16 months away and much of the political class discredited or under scrutiny, it’s hard to say who might emerge to squire the country to recovery

Long known for their violent tactics, Rio state police killed 383 people in first four months of 2017, 60% more than a year earlier

Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador

Through a memorandum of understanding, the four countries laid out a cooperation agreement regarding the deployment and maintenance of the A-29 Super Tucano aircraft

Central America Regional

The goal of the meeting was to prepare reports that will be further expanded and approved at the Ordinary Meeting of the High Council scheduled for July 11th–14th in Tegucigalpa

Colombia

While the peace processes with the guerrilla groups FARC and ELN dominate international headlines, just 5% of Colombians say those are the country’s top issues while 63% say domestic issues of unemployment, healthcare, and corruption are

El Salvador

José Luis Merino, alias “Ramiro Vásquez”, es considerado el arquitecto financiero del Grupo Alba en El Salvador

Honduras

El número 18 de más de un metro de altura dibujado en uno de los pizarrones es imposible de no ver, así como los 18 escritos en números romanos en distintas partes del colegio

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras

“The kids are basically being used as bait at this point”

Mexico

La PGR recibió al menos cinco denuncias anónimas en las que se identifica a José Alfredo Casarrubias Salgado, capitán segundo de Infantería del Ejército Mexicano, como parte del grupo

In 2006, a brutal crackdown. Today, reports that spyware has been used against journalists, human right groups and lawyers in Mexico

Three senior Mexican politicians were targeted with infection attempts using spyware developed by the NSO group, an Israeli “cyber warfare” company

Aid workers say they can no longer guarantee a temporary shelter for migrants, after U.S. Border Patrol agents raided the camp and made arrests

Guatemala, Mexico

WOLA based its report on field research in the area surrounding Tenosique, Tabasco, along Mexico’s border with Guatemala

Peru

Perú destaca por tener un total de 120 mil miembros activos y 272 mil de reserva

Venezuela

Ortega Diaz, a longtime loyalist of the socialist government who recently broke ranks with President Nicolas Maduro, said police and military officials are responsible for 23 protest deaths to date

The best song I washed dishes to tonight

“Get Lost” by Beach Slang (2014).

Just released: our latest report on the Mexico-Guatemala border

Report cover

Maureen Meyer, Hannah Smith, and I spent the third week of February in and around Tenosique, Mexico. We were in Mexico’s far south, by the border with Petén, Guatemala. We visited migrant shelters, which were busy, though emptier than before Trump’s inauguration. We heard grim accounts of the violence Central Americans were fleeing. We spoke to authorities about security, attacks on migrants, and U.S. aid programs.
 
And we published this big report today. It is our third deep-dive since 2014 on conditions at Mexico’s southern border. (See 2014 and 2015.)

Three years later, the La 72 shelter we saw in February 2017 was much different. Not only is it larger—with the support of donations and the UNHCR, Fray Tomás and his staff have built new dormitories, a health post, and other facilities to meet demand—it looked like a day-care center.
Children raced around paved courtyards and walkways, playing tag and make-believe. (As they ran past, a six-year-old confronted by a smaller child waving a stick like a saber conjured a “wall of Donald Trump” as an imaginary shield.) Babies and toddlers sat on their mothers’ laps. Teenagers played basketball, flirted, and stood around a muralsized map of Mexico and its train lines. (Three of them told us that they were going to try entering the United States via Mexicali, one of the farthest possible routes, on the unfounded belief that they faced a lower risk of being robbed or kidnapped.) Entire families, some with elderly relatives, sat at tables, talking and fanning themselves in the shade. Between 2014 and 2016, the number of children (both accompanied and unaccompanied) apprehended by INM agents in the state of Tabasco increased by 60 percent.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

(Even more here)

June 29, 2017

Brazil

Many Brazilians are tacitly choosing stability over rule of law. That, many observers say, may help Mr. Temer cling onto power

Colombia

Santos estaba frente al resultado de su apuesta más arriesgada como mandatario de los colombianos: iniciar un proceso de paz

Los magistrados de la Corte revisaron el expediente del líder indígena y además, tuvieron en cuenta los argumentos de la Fiscalía y la Procuraduría, que habían pedido ya su absolución

Tras la dejación de armas de las Farc, las autoridades deben enfocar esfuerzos en otros grupos armados que aún cuentan con gran capacidad armada como el Eln, el Clan del Golfo y Los Pelusos

Cuba

GAESA’s revenue constitutes 21% of total hard currency income from both state enterprises and the private sector, 8% of total state revenue, and just 4% of GDP (Anuario Estadístico 2015). That’s a long way from 60%

Mexico

A CBP draft briefing to Congress had previously stated June as an intended start date for prototype construction, but in recent weeks the Department of Homeland Security, which oversees CBP, has said “summer”

The amendment was originally introduced by Rep. Ruben Gallego (D-Calif.), but Rep. Steve Knight (R-Calif.) introduced a substitute to Gallego’s amendment, and then O’Rourke introducing a perfecting amendment

South America Regional

Influential social scientists have long warned of the perils of presidentialism, with its tendency toward zero-sum politics and regime breakdown

Venezuela

Some suspect the brazen swoop over the Supreme Court building was cooked up by the government as a pretext for more crackdowns

In private, opposition leaders say they fear Mr. Maduro will use the alleged chopper attack to further crack down on dissent

The day ahead: June 29, 2017

I’ll be hard to reach again today. (How to contact me)

I counted it up—I’ve spent 22 hours in meetings, trainings, and events during the first three days of this week. Today won’t be much better: interviews continue for our program assistant position (PDF), and I have another internal meeting in the morning.

Then, around 1:00, I am officially on vacation. We go to New York to retrieve my daughter, who went on a trip with her grandmother, and will be visiting relatives for the following week (which includes a U.S. national holiday).

While I’ll be harder to get in touch with during vacation, I expect to post more frequently here. After all, I won’t be in any meetings.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Photo by Efraín Herrera, Presidency of Colombia. Caption: “Una escultura que simboliza el paso de la guerra a la construcción de un país en paz fue exhibida durante el acto final de la histórica dejación de armas de las Farc, liderado por el Presidente Juan Manuel Santos.”

(Even more here)

June 28, 2017

Brazil

The indictment itself was blistering in its assessment of Temer, saying he showed a total disregard for his office and that his actions, including secret meetings not on his official calendar, showed he was trying to cover up “criminal actions.”

Colombia

Rodrigo Londono, the FARC’s top commander, complained about the bureaucratic, legal and political “traps” in a sternly worded speech in which he called on the government to live up to its end of the bargain

The election is thus all but assured to be a referendum on the peace initiative, though analysts say the accord will be hard to overturn

At Tuesday’s ceremony, rebels dressed in T-shirts instead of combat fatigues received plastic ID cards qualifying them for post-conflict aid programs

A partir de ese día, las zonas se convertirán en Espacios Territoriales de Capacitación y Reincorporación, donde los desde ahora exguerrilleros harán todas las actividades necesarias para reincorporase a la vida legal

In exchange for 100 million Colombian pesos, Moreno and Pinilla offered to give the cooperating source copies of sworn statements taken from cooperators who had testified against the CS

Cuba

President Obama got dozens of political prisoners freed from Cuban prisons and a dozen criminal fugitives repatriated to the United States. The score thus far for President Trump is zero

Mexico

It seemed to be bypassing the wealthy and the politically connected while targeting those who could least afford to fight the federal government in court

Venezuela

Venezuela’s government said in a communique the helicopter was stolen by investigative police pilot Oscar Perez, who declared himself in rebellion against Maduro

Few in Venezuela saw Tuesday’s attack as having any chances of immediately succeeding in its stated goals

Western Hemisphere Regional

Implementing the changed Cuba policy, overseeing the deteriorating situation in Venezuela and playing a role in the Colombian peace process are the three issues likely to command immediate political attention

Anybody who has touched the Leahy Law has an opinion about it, but it’s hard to find anybody fully satisfied by the way it is interpreted or implemented

The day ahead: June 28, 2017

Again, I’ll be hard to reach today. (How to contact me)

I’m going to be in an all-day media training with WOLA colleagues. While I appreciate the staff development opportunity, this means I’ll be hard to contact today, and won’t be posting here.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

(Even more here)

June 27, 2017

Brazil

Even stalwart allies have begun to bail on Temer

Colombia

As of today, the Mission has stored the totality of individual arms of the FARC-EP that were registered: 7132 arms

Aunque la propuesta inicial contemplaba que las Vicealcaldías fueran dirigidas por oficiales activos de las Fuerzas Militares, al final se definió que serán coroneles en retiro del Ejército

En total fueron cinco hombres y cuatro mujeres aprehendidos luego de meses de investigación, pero que se aceleraron tras el ataque del pasado fin de semana en Bogotá

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras

If indeed there is a connection to immigration by unaccompanied minors, all that may have changed was MS-13 found more vulnerable youth to prey upon in a country where the leadership wants to hold them up not as refugees, but as potential criminals

Mexico

Claiming he was the target of rock throwers, Mesa — who was standing on the U.S. side — pulled his handgun and shot 15-year-old Sergio Hernandez Guereca in the head as he peeked out from behind a concrete pillar

El INAI avaló que el Ejército mantenga en secreto el historial de servicio de Alfredo Casarrubias, hermano del presunto líder de Guerreros Unidos, Sidronio Casarrubias, señalado como autor intelectual del ataque contra los normalistas de Ayotzinapa

Salvador Adame was director of local cable Channel 6 TV. Armed men grabbed him on May 18 and forced him into a vehicle in the city of Nueva Italia in violence-plagued Michoacan state

In addition to 43 municipalities with hidden graves publicly reported in 2016—mostly in the states of Veracruz and Guerrero—the model identified 45 other municipalities as having a 70% or higher chance of containing unreported graves

The day ahead: June 27, 2017

I should be reachable in the afternoon. (How to contact me)

I just finished my part of a memo on what is up with U.S.-Colombian relations, which has run to 4,000 words and kept me up until 3:00 AM, so I’m getting a bit of a late start.

This morning I’m interviewing candidates for our soon-to-be-open Citizen Security/Border program assistant position (PDF). There are a lot of really good applicants. By 2:00 or so I should be at my desk, writing more and reachable until the end of the day.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Michael Robinson Chavez / The Washington Post photo at The Chicago Tribune. Caption: “A bus originating in Mexico is inspected by Border Patrol agents, including Capt. L. Rinker, center, at a checkpoint south of Falfurrias, Texas, on June 2, 2017. Border Patrol agents check the identification of passengers on northbound buses.”

(Even more here)

June 26, 2017

Colombia

De no mediar hecho anómalo, para ese día los cerca de 7.000 integrantes de esta guerrilla, ubicados en los 26 puntos de concentración, habrán culminado el proceso de entrega de sus armas

Hoy, que estamos a horas de que las Farc dejen de ser guerrilla después de 53 años, conviene recordar que su aterrizaje en la política y en la vida productiva será un proceso gradual y nada fácil

El viernes se difundiera un vídeo en el que el opositor gritaba que estaba siendo torturado

MRP, an anti-government militia, is believed to have been created in 2015. Since then, they have pronounced themselves against President Juan Manuel Santos and the ideals of former President and current senator Alvaro Uribe Velez

Entre las personas capturadas hay varios egresados de la universidad nacional y defensoras de DDHH de amplia trayectoria como Natalia Trujillo a favor de quien ya se han escuchado varios pronunciamientos

There are at least three reasons that the U.S. should continue its support for Colombia at current levels, even if it decides to make some course corrections

El Salvador, Mexico

Along the border, the impacts of Trump’s immigration policies are visible everywhere

Honduras, Nicaragua

La misión de la denominada Fuerza de Tarea Morazán Sandino, en su cuarta fase, será resguardar la frontera entre Honduras y Nicaragua, combatir el crimen trasnacional y el narcotráfico

Panama

The list of targets also included the two Americans, political strategist Christian Ferry, and retired U.S. Army colonel Richard Downie , as well as staff at the U.S. embassy

Venezuela

La ausencia en el último momento del secretario de Estado, Rex Tillerson, fue un jarro de agua fría. Su participación, coinciden los consultados, incluso entre los críticos, hubiese podido cambiar el panorama

A group of young Venezuelan lawmakers has risen to prominence on the violent front line of anti-government marches

Western Hemisphere Regional

The US president speaks loudly and carries a small stick

The day ahead: June 26, 2017

I’ll be difficult to reach today. (How to contact me)

I’m spending most of the day at a non-public State Department event where they invite in a few outside experts to talk about the current moment in Colombia. My panel is in the morning. In the latter part of the afternoon I’ll be attending an AEI event on transnational organized crime and corruption in Latin America: I’m interested in hearing how conservatives are taking on this issue so central to my work.

The week ahead

This is sort of a truncated week, followed by some vacation. I leave town mid-day Thursday, visiting family for the July 4 week. I’m taking off the following week as well. This is the first extended time off since Christmas, and while I plan to post to this site as often as always, I look forward to the slower pace.

While I’m here this week, I won’t be in my office very much. On Monday, I’m speaking on a panel at a non-public State Department about Colombia, which goes nearly all day. On Tuesday we’re interviewing several program assistant candidates. And on Wednesday we’ve got an all-day media training. I’m doing a few more interviews Thursday, then it’s off to New York.

5 tweets that made me laugh this week

Latin America-related events in Washington this week

Monday, June 26, 2017

  • 12:00 at the Atlantic Council: Rising Chinese FDI in Latin America and the Implications for the United States (RSVP required).
  • 1:00–2:00 at CSIS: The Rule of Law in El Salvador (RSVP required).
  • 3:45–5:15 at the American Enterprise Institute: “Kingpins and corruption: Targeting transnational organized crime in the Americas” (RSVP required).

Wednesday, June 28, 2017

  • 9:00 at the Wilson Center: Dying for a Story: How Impunity and Violence against Mexican Journalists are Weakening the Country (RSVP required).
  • 9:00 at the Atlantic Council: Building More Resilient Communities: Responding to Irregular Migration Flows (RSVP required).
  • 11:45–1:45 at the Hudson Institute: Mexico: A Leading Nation Battles Drug Cartels, Crime, and Corruption (RSVP required).

Thursday, June 29, 2017

  • 12:00–1:00 at the Heritage Foundation: Securing the Border and Protecting Our Communities (RSVP required).

Five links from the past week

Fernando Vergara / AP photo at The Nation. Caption: “A United Nations observer shakes hands with a rebel of Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC), March 1, 2017.”

Colombia

Robert Karl, Greg Grandin, Will Last Year’s Peace Treaty Survive, or Is the Past Prologue in Colombia? (The Nation, June 23, 2017).

Two historians, Grandin and Robert Karl, look at Colombia’s hopeful but deeply worrying current moment, drawing on the country’s violent past.

La Politica Detras de la Sustitucion de Cultivos (La Silla Vacia (Colombia), June 19, 2017).

As the Trump administration tightens pressure on Colombia to eradicate more coca, La Silla Vacía visits several regions to see how the Colombian government’s “voluntary eradication” plan, foreseen by the November 2016 peace accord, is going. It’s really complicated.

Mexico

Azam Ahmed, Nicole Perlroth, Using Texts as Lures, Government Spyware Targets Mexican Journalists and Their Families (The New York Times, June 19, 2017).

A company licensed its anti-terror phone-hacking software to the Mexican government, and to no one’s surprise, the Mexican government has started using it on corruption investigators, journalists, and human rights advocates, effectively turning their phones into mobile bugging devices.

Ginger Thompson, Who Holds the Dea Accountable When Its Missions Cost Lives? (ProPublica, June 19, 2017).

In a follow-up to the previous week’s investigation of a massacre in Mexico triggered by U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration agents sharing information with crooked Mexican cops, Thompson finds that “the DEA lit the fuse that triggered the slaughter, then stood mutely by — as if it had played no role.” Rather than just fan outrage, though, she suggests steps the agency must take to improve accountability.

Western Hemisphere Regional

Jim Rutenberg, Univision’s Urgent
Sense of Purpose: A Newsroom and a Lifeline
(The New York Times, June 18, 2017).

Univision’s news team includes many Latin American journalists who are exiled because of their work in their home countries. They see some ominous similarities between the Trump administration and the governments of the countries they fled. And now they’re at the vanguard of high-credibility U.S. journalism.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Ariana Cubillos/Associated Press photo at The Washington Post. Caption: “A demonstrator lights a candle during a vigil for a student who was killed during clashes between anti-government protesters and Bolivarian National Guard officers, in Caracas, Venezuela, Wednesday, June 21, 2017. The 17-year-old student was shot dead on Monday the Public Prosecutor’s Office said, bringing the death toll to 72 in two months of demonstrations against Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro.”

(Even more here)

June 23, 2017

Brazil

People who are afraid, angry, or who feel victimized look for enemies that can be eliminated, instead of searching for ways to fix a broken criminal justice system and a failed public security model

Colombia

The referendum vote was not the fatal blow to peace that many feared at first, but the ensuing delay in the peace process may yet cause long-term ramifications

We are proposing the formation of 16 regional citizen committees to support and accompany the implementation of the peace agreement

Cuatro guerrilleros y ocho personas de sus círculos más cercanos han sido asesinados desde que arrancó la implementación del acuerdo de paz

‘Martín Sombra’ lideró en los 90 la columna Mario Hernández, encargada de vigilar a los cientos de secuestrados que caían en manos de las Farc

El plan para desmantelar organizaciones criminales es una nueva apuesta por Tumaco y Buenaventura. También es una prueba de fuego para el Vicepresidente

Colombia, Venezuela

Though many come from Venezuela’s lower and middle classes, Montilla and her friends have seen even skilled professionals like architects and engineers arriving in Colombia and sleeping in bus stations

Cuba

The old-guard exiles gave their Cuba policy far less chance to succeed because they arrogantly alienated the rest of the world – and just as imperiously neglected the same island-dwelling Cubans

U.S. officials say day-to-day cooperation on halting U.S.-bound human trafficking and narcotics has improved significantly since the re-establishment of diplomatic relations

El Salvador

The killings occurred between 2014 and 2016. Some victims were alleged gang members while other killings appeared to be contract hits

Guatemala

Considering them a burden, even an embarrassment, the Guatemalan state and society are unable and unwilling to assist the thousands of migrants being sent back home

Mexico

No incident has hardened feelings about illegal immigration in Arizona more than the unsolved 2010 killing of 58-year-old Rob Krentz, head of one of the oldest ranch families in southeast Arizona

In this short video, Corchado shows AQ Editor-in-Chief Brian Winter how integrated both countries are – and talks to Mexicans and Americans about how life has changed (and stayed the same) under President Donald Trump

Nicaragua

La autorización garantiza el ingreso de naves y aeronaves de las Fuerzas Armadas y ejércitos de la Conferencia de las Fuerzas Armadas Centroamericanas (CFAC), Estados Unidos, Rusia, México, Venezuela, Cuba, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, República Dominicana

Venezuela

Benavides, who the U.S. government sanctioned in 2015 for alleged human rights abuses during a previous wave of unrest, will now lead an agency created by Maduro to oversee the capital, whose opposition mayor was jailed two years ago

“Viene una decisión muy importante de los componentes de nuestra FFAA”

At least two soldiers shot long firearms through the fence from a distance of just a few feet at protesters who were throwing rocks

“The tragic situation in Venezuela calls out for action,” Haley said in a statement in which she complained about the lack of action from the U.N. Human Rights Council and the Organization of American States

Western Hemisphere Regional

The decision not to send Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and for the U.S. not to attend the Commission’s 161 hearings on U.S. cases may likely have hurt U.S. candidate Doug Cassel’s chances

The day ahead: June 23, 2017

I should be reachable much of the day. (How to contact me)

I’ve avoided scheduling meetings today, and the result is 12 hours of time for writing and research. If all goes well, I’ll have prepared a Colombia presentation I’ll be giving to a State Department audience on Monday, recorded (or at least scripted) a podcast about the current state of U.S. policy toward Colombia, and drafted a memo about the same.

No you won’t

I’ve had about two dozen meetings since April to talk with congressional staff about border security. I’ve met about equally with Democrats and Republicans, in both houses.

What can I say. It’s been weeks since I’ve even bothered to open a meeting by talking about the border wall. It just gets dismissed out of hand. A few miles may get built here and there—maybe some levee wall in south Texas—but I don’t see interest in hundreds of miles, much less a coast-to-coast wall.

Homeland Security funds are scarce, and more fencing is way down serious people’s list of priorities for securing the border. I’m concluding that Congress is about as willing to pay for it as Mexico is.

The day ahead: June 22, 2017

I am difficult to reach today. (How to contact me)

I’m posting this later than usual: I wrote an article about coca eradication and the Trump administration, which I hope to link to soon—but I jumped right into it when I woke up this morning and forgot to do this daily update.

With that done, I’m in the office for a bit, then I’ve got a lunch meeting with a Colombian journalist, a meeting with a member of Congress to talk about border security and migration, and a meeting with another legislative staffer about Colombia. As that means another day without touching a computer keyboard very often, this site won’t get updated much.

WOLA Podcast: Colombia’s FARC demobilizes, but new challenges await

Here’s a half-hour conversation with Gimena Sánchez-Garzoli, WOLA’s senior associate for Colombia.

On June 20, 2017 the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) ceased to be an armed group. But as Gimena makes clear, the hard part awaits.

In a wide-ranging discussion about the current moment, we discuss next steps in the FARC demobilization, the ominous appearance of armed groups in zones of previous guerrilla influence, recent social protests on the Pacific Coast, Colombia’s ability to implement its accord commitments, civil society’s role in making it happen, and our growing concerns about where the Trump administration is headed.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

William Widmer photo for The New York Times. Caption: “United States Customs and Border Protection agents apprehended a man seen crossing the Rio Grande near Roma, Tex., last month.”

(Even more here)

June 21, 2017

Brazil

If Brazil’s top prosecutor agrees with the federal police recommendation, Congress will decide whether Temer should be investigated by the Supreme Court

General Etchegoyen’s staff mentioned the official by name and described the official’s position as the C.I.A.’s “chief” in Brasília in a publicly available agenda of the spymaster’s meetings

Colombia

During his visit to Colombia, the United Nations Under-Secretary-General for Political Affairs, Jeffrey Feltman, visited the Transitory Point of Pondores – La Guajira

Se han registrado 42 desplazamientos masivos en la costa pacífica, Norte de Santander y Arauca. Son 7.371 personas, 2.056 familias afectadas

Cuba

If all these people are now to be considered “prohibited officials,” then a quarter of the Cuban labor force will no longer be eligible to receive remittances

Mexico

A video shown in court shows Jose Antonio Elena Rodriguez on the ground when U.S. Border Patrol Agent Lonnie Swartz fired through the border fence

The equipment is provided to the Department of Homeland Security under the Defense Department program established to repurpose military equipment previously used in Afghanistan and Iraq

Panama

The United States attorney’s office submitted a motion urging the court to keep Mr. Martinelli in jail until the extradition case is decided

Venezuela

Brazil and Mexico were thwarted by a handful of leftist nations and Caribbean island states which voted against the OAS draft resolutions or abstained

The process itself produces shared understandings, expressed commitments and diplomatic networks that go beyond the actual meetings and can lead to actions beyond the multilateral body

The government-stacked court in a statement Tuesday it had approved a request from a socialist party lawmaker to lift prosecutor Luisa Ortega Diaz’s protection from prosecution for allegedly committing “grave errors”

The day ahead: June 21, 2017

I should be reachable late morning and early afternoon. (How to contact me)

After seven meetings with congressional staff yesterday, I’ve got another this morning. Then a few hours in the office doing actual work. Then around 3:00 I’ll record a podcast with a colleague, followed by a meeting with NGOs that work on Colombia.

At wola.org: 4 Common Misconceptions about U.S.-bound Drug Flows through Mexico and Central America

Graph of cocaine seizures showing Mexico far down the list.

This brief piece at wola’s website is for anyone who seems to think that you can fight opioids by aiding Central America, that a border wall can stop drugs, that gangs like MS-13 ship drugs to the United States, or that Mexico stops a lot of northbound cocaine.

I leaned heavily on my database to cite facts that aren’t, but should be, well known about how the drug trade works in the Mexico-Central America “transit zone.”

View it here.

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