Adam Isacson

Defense, security, borders, migration, and human rights in Latin America and the United States. May not reflect my employer’s consensus view.

June 2019

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Rhona Wise/AFP/Getty Images photo at The Washington Post. Caption: “Migrant youths at a detention center in Homestead, Fla., on Thursday.”

(Even more here)

June 28, 2019

Western Hemisphere Regional

A medical examiner says two soldiers helping secure the Mexico border in Arizona died by suicide

Speaker Nancy Pelosi capitulated to Republicans and Democratic moderates and dropped her insistence on stronger protections for migrant children in overcrowded border shelters

As migrants continue arriving at the Texas-Mexico border, drownings have spiked in recent weeks, with nine people drowning in El Paso-area canals this month alone. Border Patrol and soldiers have rescued others

Brazil

Another week in Brazil, another scandal consuming the young presidency of Jair Bolsonaro

Colombia

Duque señaló a la prensa desde Medellín que “a los criminales que están detrás de asesinatos de líderes sociales, excombatientes de las FARC y cualquier colombiano, los vamos a enfrentar”

Durante las últimas dos semanas, dos excombatientes de las Farc fueron asesinados en Cauca y tres en Nariño, todos de la misma forma: a disparos y por sicarios

Guatemala, Mexico

The State Department’s most recent Human Rights Reports on Guatemala and Mexico make it clear that these countries do not meet the legal standards required for safe third country agreements

Honduras

Estudiantes con edades que van de los 11 a los 18 años se han unido a las protestas en un país militarizado, en el que se respira gas lacrimógeno

Mexico

Los albergues de la zona norte denuncian que elementos de la Guardia Nacional quisieron entrar a las instalaciones de Agua Prieta. El gobierno no ofrece explicaciones

‘¡Ejército! ¡Están rodeados! ¡Están rodeados!’, gritan a migrantes durante operativo de detención en Palenque, Chiapas

Las autoridades no han transparentado los detalles sobre los cursos de capacitación y procesos de evaluación de los elementos de la Guardia Nacional

  • Stephania Taladrid, The Violence Beat (Columbia Journalism Review, June 28, 2019).

Since Turati began chronicling the conflict, it has claimed almost 250,000 lives. More than 40,000 people are missing

More than 6,000 migrants have been returned to Juarez so far. Most of them are poor, are staying in shelters run by churches in town, waiting for their days in court

Cartel violence in Juarez is down from its height five years ago, but it is still one of the most dangerous cities in the world

Venezuela

In a series of actions that began in 1999, the former lieutenant colonel and one-time coup leader began taming the military by bloating it, buying it off, politicizing it, intimidating the rank and file, and fragmenting the overall command

“La jefatura ha sido clara, todas las opciones están sobre la mesa. Y estas opciones incluyen un amplio abanico de herramientas y políticas. Ya veremos cómo se desarrollan, pero -como militar- mi trabajo es estar preparado”

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Orlando Sierra/AFP photo from Al Jazeera. Caption: “Honduran soldiers are deployed in Tegucigalpa on June 20, 2019, a day after a protest demanding the resignation of Honduran President Juan Orlando Hernandez”

(Even more here)

June 25, 2019

Western Hemisphere Regional

Preparations that would typically take field officers six to eight weeks were compressed into a few days, and, because of Trump’s tweet, the officers would be entering communities that now knew they were coming

Advancing U.S. national interests requires a fundamental reassessment of current and recent approaches in the Americas, beginning with abandoning the policies of the current U.S. administration that are impeding effective national and regional responses to migration

US Border Patrol is holding many children, including some who are much too young to take care of themselves, in jail-like border facilities for weeks at a time without contact with family members, regular access to showers, clean clothes, toothbrushes, or proper beds. Many are sick

Colombia

They called for the government to pay monetary reparations — compensation for war damages — to both sexual abuse survivors and children born as results of the abuse

El plazo para desmontar esta guarnición en El Carmen (N. de Santander) es de siete días Por supuestos casos de abusos que van desde ocupación de bienes indígenas hasta graves hechos de tortura, atribuidos a miembros de las Fuerzas Armadas, el Ejército Nacional acordó este fin de semana trasladar una base militar, ubicada en zona rural del municipio de El Carmen

La madre asesinada el viernes 21 de junio era María del Pilar Hurtado, una líder comunitaria de la Fundación de Víctimas Adelante con Fortaleza (Funviavor) del Cauca que se había desplazado a Tierralta (Córdoba) hace un año

Ya abrió siete macro casos, que involucran a más de la mitad de las 11.827 personas que se han sometido a ella, 9.704 de las Farc y 2.059 de la Fuerza Pública. La idea es abrir otros para abarcar a todos los llamados comparecientes

Colombia, Ecuador

Ecuador pone en práctica el funcionamiento de planes de interdicción a través de la flota de aviones Super Tucano, que de acuerdo con Oswaldo Jarrín, ministro de Defensa, ya ha dejado algunos resultados

Honduras

A los minutos se escucharon los llantos, había varios heridos de bala, cuatro estudiantes con edades entre 21 y 22 años que fueron trasladados al Hospital Escuela, con heridas en las piernas, glúteos y otras partes de cuerpo

The White House and State Department have praised Mr. Hernández for fighting cocaine traffickers and reducing the homicide rate. U.S. diplomat Kimberly Breier thanked the president in April for “empowering Hondurans to build their future at home”

Protests against President Juan Orlando Hernandez are likely to continue as the anniversary of the 2009 coup approaches

Mexico

Desde el viernes pasado diversos medios de comunicación publicaron un video que expone la tortura en contra de uno de los detenidos por el caso Ayotzinapa, Carlos Canto Salgado, por tres individuos

Monday’s press conference appeared to mark the first time Mexican officials have disclosed they were sending troops to its border with the US

Nicaragua

Según analistas políticos, el caso de Mojica es el más importante porque la sanción es una advertencia indirecta que envía EE. UU. a los altos mandos del Ejército de Nicaragua, de que también podrían ser sancionados por su complicidad con la dictadura

Venezuela

Figuera arrived in the United States on Monday armed with allegations about Maduro’s government: The illicit gold deals. The Hezbollah cells working in Venezuela. The extent of Cuban influence inside Maduro’s Miraflores Palace

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Migrants who have crossed into Mexico
Encarni Pindado photo at BBC.

(Even more here)

June 24, 2019

Western Hemisphere Regional

President Trump has promoted policies that undermine all these goals, and Congress has failed to agree on a coherent vision. You can help turn that around. Here’s how

The disturbing, first-hand account of the conditions were observed by lawyers and a board-certified physician in visits last week to border patrol holding facilities in Clint, Texas, and McAllen

A chaotic scene of sickness and filth is unfolding in an overcrowded border station in Clint, Tex., where hundreds of young people who have recently crossed the border are being held

The sheer effrontery of the government’s argument may be explained, but not excused, by its long backstory

Guerra’s statement on the deaths came ten hours after the sheriff warned of a “dangerous heat advisory,” asserting that people in the area should “avoid outdoor activities”

More than 700 children were taken from their parents or, in a few cases, from other relatives between June 2018 and May 2019

Brazil

Despite many questionable police killings, no Rio de Janeiro police officer has yet been convicted or jailed

Colombia

SEMANA revela los detalles del cerco de amenazas y presiones sobre los militares que están denunciando los falsos positivos y actos de corrupción en el Ejército. ¿Por qué los quieren callar y qué información tienen?

Colombia, Cuba

‘Pablo Beltrán’ y el alto comisionado, Miguel Ceballos, se refirieron a esta solicitud“A nosotros nos mandaron acá en Cuba a hacer negociaciones de paz, con una agenda que ya estaba firmada y sigue firmada, nosotros nos enteramos de esa acción aquí en Cuba, por supuesto no sabíamos, nos enteramos acá”, detalló ‘Beltrán’

Colombia

Este es el departamento con mayor número de víctimas y aseguran que bajo la comandancia de Nicacio Martínez, en la X Brigada Blindada, 58 personas fueron asesinadas y presentadas como exguerrilleros o extorsionistas

Arauca y Tumaco son los escenarios de hechos que dejan muchas dudas y que tendrá que investigar la Fiscalía y Procuraduría

Colombia, Venezuela

Muñoz has now spent 16 months through two presidential administrations leading his nation’s efforts to respond to the migration crisis. He is upbeat, though there are few hints that the flow of Venezuelans will stop anytime soon

Colombia

Los militares que están confesando en la JEP cómo participaron en los falsos positivos son blanco de amenazas y presiones. ¿Qué están contando que es tan incómodo?

The U.S. delivered 12 Humvees to strengthen the Colombian Navy’s tactical land mobility. These vehicles will be operational in mid-June 2019

Cuba

The lawn of the Nicaraguan Embassy — a launch point for migrants seeking to enter the United States via Mexico — is overflowing with visa applicants

Guatemala

For years, Tahoe Resources argued that there were no Xinca people left in the communities surrounding the mine who would require any consultation. They were wrong

Mexico

Immigrants’ advocates anticipated that the increasing presence of security forces would continue to drive down the number of people trying to migrate north, but they expected that in time, the flows would rebound

Many of the National Guardsmen are soldiers and police officers who now wear black armbands indicating they are part of the National Guard

Belize, Guatemala, Mexico

  • Jacobo Garcia, Teresa de Miguel, Fred Ramos, El Caribe Turbio (El Pais (Spain), June 24, 2019).

Este especial describe la enigmática realidad que se levanta a pocos pasos de los centros turísticos más importantes del mundo

Mexico

Photojournalist Encarni Pindado has seen the impact of the harsher policies on the people making their journey north.

The policy known as the Migrant Protection Protocols (MPP), or Remain in Mexico, will be implemented later this week in Nuevo Laredo in the northern state of Tamaulipas

Venezuela

Activists say six officials have been detained as President Maduro intensifies a crackdown on dissent Six members of Venezuela’s military and police have been arrested, activists say, weeks after a failed uprising against President Nicolás Maduro

There is no sign that the Trump administration set any post-conflict preparation in train before U.S. officials began issuing musing about military action, or even that they have now done so

I hope the day comes soon when we can welcome you back into our hemisphere’s professional brotherhood-of-arms. We look forward to Venezuela’s return to the family of democracies in this hemisphere

The day ahead: June 24, 2019

I should be around in the afternoon. (How to contact me)

I returned late Saturday night from a very interesting and productive visit to the UK for an off-the-record discussion of “territorial stabilization” in Colombia. This week, I’m focused on the border, and on the issue of coca eradication in Colombia: we expect the U.S. government to release a troubling estimate of the crop’s increase in 2018.

This morning, we’re hosting a Senate briefing with some documentary filmmakers who’ve done good work on the border. They’ll be doing a public event at WOLA Tuesday afternoon. I should be in the office, writing a commentary about coca cultivation, in the afternoon.

Latin America-related events in Washington this week

Tuesday, June 25

  • 8:30–4:30 at the Wilson Center: Progress at Risk? First Annual Conference on Security, Migration, and Rule of Law in the Northern Triangle of Central America (RSVP required).
  • 3:30–5:00 at WOLA: Risks and Challenges for Asylum Seekers in Mexico (RSVP required).

Wednesday, June 26

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Photo from Animal Político (Mexico).

(Even more here)

June 18, 2019

Western Hemisphere Regional

Site assessments have been completed for almost all the ports of entry to determine where such temporary immigration courts, described by sources as “soft-sided,” would be needed

Colombia

La disidencia de Gentil Duarte, que es la más grande del país, se está consolidando en Putumayo, está dando los primeros pasos para entrar a Cauca y por medio de su aliado Iván Mordisco llegó hasta Nariño

La Jurisdicción Especial de Paz y la Comisión de la Verdad reciben este martes, 18 de junio, cinco informes sobre violencia contra mujeres indígenas, afrodescendientes, exiliadas y defensoras de derechos humanos que recogen más de 900 testimonios

Según reveló Botero, la aspersión se retomaría en julio

Ecuador

Ecuador signed the new agreement with the U.S. last year, but it was detailed only at a little-noticed news conference in April

El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras

The State Department said that after a review of more than $615 million in assistance that President Donald Trump ordered in March to be cut entirely, it would go ahead with $432 million

Guatemala

Luis Enrique Mendoza, on the run since 2011, faces charges for his alleged role in 1982 massacre of Maya Ixil people

No hay mucho qué celebrar para la alianza conocida como el Pacto de Corruptos en el Congreso. Y hubo un voto de protesta que no puede ser ignorado

El resultado probablemente condena a muerte a la Comisión Contra la Impunidad, pieza clave de la lucha contra la corrupción en los últimos diez años

Mexico

Había casos, dijo, de organizaciones no gubernamentales dedicada a apoyos a migrantes a quienes se le entregaban los recursos y el dinero nunca llegó a los migrantes

En una de las salidas de Huixtla, Chiapas, migrantes centroamericanos se aferran a la posibilidad de abordar el tren, para avanzar en su ruta hacia el norte

Located in the city of Tapachula, near the border with Guatemala, it’s a secretive place off-limits to public scrutiny where cellphones are confiscated and journalists aren’t allowed inside

U.S. authorities detained more than 85,000 “family unit” members at the border in May, an average of nearly 2,800 per day. That number has declined about 13 percent since the beginning of June

Shelters in Mexico are already overcrowded, and resources are thin in border communities such as Tijuana

More than 200 migrants were sent back to Juarez on Thursday, double the previous day, and officials expect as many as 500 migrants each day will be returned from El Paso to Juarez in coming weeks

The Mexican official, who briefed reporters in Washington, said U.S. Border Patrol arrested 2,600 people per day after the agreement was struck on June 7. That would be a steep drop from the daily average of 4,300 border arrests in May

The day ahead: June 18, 2019

I’m around from late morning to late afternoon. Then I’m gone for the rest of the week. (How to contact me)

I go to the airport late afternoon—I’ll be in the UK for a Wilton Park conference on “stabilization” (getting government and services into territory) in Colombia. I’ll be away for the rest of the week.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

Rebecca Blackwell—AP photo at Time. Caption: “Soldiers forming part of Mexico’s National Guard board a truck to patrol back roads used to circumvent a migration checkpoint, in Comitan, Chiapas state, Mexico, Saturday, June 15, 2019.”

(Even more here)

June 17, 2019

Colombia

“When you see social leaders threatened, when you hear women threatened with rape if they don’t shut up, when you see journalists attacked for not toeing the government line, it’s heartbreaking”

Para mantener el beneficio de la libertad debían presentarse a la JEP y, a través de la Sala de Definición de Situaciones Jurídicas, concretar el régimen de condicionalidad mediante el cual se comprometen a garantizar la verdad, la reparación y la no repeticiónEllos obtuvieron su libertad o pasaron de una cárcel a una sede militar, y aún no responden

La recolección de firmas para el referendo que pretende hacer dos reformas constitucionales –una jurídica, en la que eliminaría la JEP, y una política, que transformaría el Congreso– ya inició

El Consejo de Estado tomó esta decisión luego de advertir que el exjefe de las Farc no se posesionó en el Congreso y la única excusa posible para su ausencia, que haya sido por “fuerza mayor”, no pudo comprobarse

El expresidente Álvaro Uribe anunció formalmente su intención de promover una modificación constitucional que revoque los poderes actuales -cortes y legislativo- y que cambie el componente de justicia (JEP)

Guatemala

With votes tallied from just over a third of polling centers, Sandra Torres had captured 24% of Sunday’s vote, followed by four-time presidential candidate Alejandro Giammattei with 15%

Si una persona con poco conocimiento de América Latina quisiera enterarse de los males típicos de las elecciones presidenciales de la región, no tendría que ir más lejos que a Guatemala

The campesino leader is running for president in a country whose indigenous majority is chronically overlooked – and she has a chance of making the runoff

Mexico

The Associated Press saw nearly 10 armed soldiers at a checkpoint near Ciudad Cuauhtémoc, in Chiapas state, wearing black armbands to indicate they are part of the National Guard

Mr Martínez’s brother is holed up in a hotel near Veracruz in south-eastern Mexico, with a party of three adults and three children, after being tipped off about a huge roadblock ahead. “When it’s that big, you can’t buy them off,” the coyote said

Peru, Venezuela

A record 4,700 asylum claims were filed in Peru on Friday, part of more than 8,000 Venezuelans who entered the country that day

The day ahead: June 17, 2019

I’m around in the afternoon. (How to contact me)

I’m off to the UK tomorrow afternoon for a Colombia conference, so today will be my only full day in Washington this week. After the weekly morning staff meeting, I’ll be at my desk taking care of a list of smaller tasks that must get done before I go. The only other thing on my schedule is a late afternoon call with some documentary filmmakers who’ve done work on the border.

Latin America-related events in Washington this week

Tuesday, June 18

  • 1:00–3:00 at WOLA: Cuban Women’s Voices in a Changing Economy and Society (RSVP required).

Wednesday, June 19

Thursday, June 20

Video of my long talk, in Mexico, about “militaries as police”

Many thanks to Mexico’s Universidad Iberoamericana, who along with several other groups organized a May 21-22 conference in Mexico City on the need for civilians to be in charge of security, at a time when it is militarizing throughout Latin America.

They asked me to give a talk about citizen security and the military’s involvement, region-wide. And they gave me 45 minutes to do it. And then they produced this high-quality video, showing all 77 of my slides and sign language for the hearing-impaired. Very impressive.

I think I did a decent job here. The video is in Spanish, with optional closed-caption subtitles (again, very impressive).

My notes from Monday’s talk at the Kroc Institute’s Colombia peace conference

I enjoyed participating in a June 10 panel discussion at a seminar in Washington, “The Colombian peace process after two years,” hosted by Notre Dame University’s Kroc Institute for International Affairs. Colombia’s 2016 peace accord gives this Institute, which maintains a database of worldwide peace processes, a formal role in monitoring the accord’s implementation.

I chose to talk about the challenge of getting government into vast rural areas that used to have a heavy guerrilla presence, before the FARC demobilized. Here’s what the notes on my index cards said:

I. I’d like to focus on Chapter 1 of the accord. (Comprehensive Rural Reform)

A. It’s where the Colombian government’s executive branch has the most to do.

B. It is a part of the accord that should be less controversial, because it appeals both to peace advocates and counter-insurgency advocates

1. It provides a blueprint for getting the state into vast areas of the country that need a state presence

2. A part of the accord that shouldn’t be thought of as a concession to the FARC. The end of FARC presence in these zones was supposed to provide an opportunity to enter these zones without having to shoot one’s way in.

a. As new armed groups fill the vacuum, that security obstacle is growing

b. But except for a few really troubled zones, the window is still open. For now.

C. Implement this well, and much else should fall into place

1. Coca doesn’t get grown in areas with a robust state presence

2. Reintegration of excombatants: land and productive projects

3. Predictability, rules, someone to settle disputes

II. The commitments made in Chapter 1 are ambitious

A. List a few

1. Land Fund

2. “Massive formalization” of landholdings.

3. A National Cadaster System.

4. Establishment of Campesino Reserve Zones for small landholders.

5. Tertiary road building.

6. Irrigation and drainage.

7. Rural electrification and internet connectivity.

8. Rural health care.

9. Rural education.

10. Rural housing.

11. Food security.

12. (Basically, supporting the smallholding agriculture model)

13. Development Programs with a Territorial Focus (PDET).

B. This is a fine plan. It’s common sense whether you support peace and a small-producer model, or whether you want to “clear hold and build” in order to weaken armed groups. It works well enough for both priorities.

C. The PDETs (Territorially Focused Development Plans) got established

1. 170 municipalities (counties, out of 1,100); 6.7 million people; 94% of coca; homicide rate 12 per 100,000 higher than national average; poverty rate 2.5 times higher than national average

2. Officials visited many thousands of veredas (hamlets), consultative process

3. In March, signed the last of 16 regional plans

4. 15 years of commitments

D. National Development Plan gives PDETs its blessing, though there’s debate over whether they’re resourced enough.

III. However, Chapter 1 faces big challenges. I see 7 big ones.

A. It’s 85% of the cost of the accord (15 years)

1. So something like $3 billion per year. In reality, probably more.

2. At a time when deficits are already high

3. Expensive items: road, cadaster

4. So you’re talking about a moon shot or a Marshall Plan

B. There are locally powerful interests that don’t like it

1. Landowners, political bosses

a. (Local elites are under-studied)

b. They are very influential during national elections, at get-out-the-vote time.

2. People in private sector who favor capital-intensive model in the countryside, don’t want to pay taxes for the campesino economy

C. There are armed actors that will block efforts, in some zones

1. ELN, FARC Dissidents, Gulf Clan, regional groups

D. Success really depends on social leaders doing much of the work, and much of the oversight.

1. Community Action Boards in some places.

2. Ethnic leaders where there are resguardos and community councils.

3. Women’s groups, victims’ groups.

4. Many others.

5. But those leaders are being being terrorized right now.

E. There are other priorities that are big distractions

1. Venezuelan refugees

2. U.S. pressure to take care of coca first

F. It’s something Colombia’s state has failed at before.

1. Or rather than “failed at,” I should say it hasn’t tried it in a long-term, sustained way.

2. Past efforts sort of fade away after a change in government. (Big example National Territorial Consolidation Plan 2006-12)

G. It’s something Colombia’s state isn’t really set up for, for 3 reasons

1. Coordination

a. Military and civilians

i. 20-year-old soldiers and 30-year-old officers are representatives of the state, but they’re not the state. They can’t provide all state services, it’s not what they’re trained for.

ii. Meanwhile civilians go slow, they can’t “surge” into new zones the way the military can.

b. National government and local/departmental governments, which are turning over at the end of the year

c. The Justice System, which hardly appears in the plan (judges and prosecutors)

ZEII (Strategic Comprehensive Intervention Zones – National Security Council – 5 years) in the PDETs

i. Planning says they’re supposed to be articulated when they overlap

ii. But gives sense that there’s not a whole-of-government approach

2. Incentives: what gets you promotions, raises, and medals?

3. Timeframes: must go beyond the gobierno de turno

IV. New National Development Plan calls for a new “road map for intervention” in PDET zones, to deal with coordination/articulation issues.

A. Hope it’s not just another reshuffling of the org chart.

B. The process of drawing up the PDETs has greatly raised expectations in some very volatile territories. Populations are going to want to see results that are tangible for them.

V. There are many in government in Bogotá who want to see this succeed, for the reasons I mentioned. A few of them are here with us today. But they’ve got a lot of obstacles to overcome in order to make good intentions in the capital play out in the countryside, over the long term.

A. They’re going to have to be very creative.

B. And we really really need the United States government to be on board and firmly supportive. No wavering. Let’s not get distracted. This is a huge opportunity and the window is still open.

The day ahead: June 13, 2019

I’m in meetings except for mid-day and late afternoon. (How to contact me)

I’m guest-teaching a class at the Foreign Service Institute this morning. Then I have a telephone interview with a reporter, and I’ll be taking part in an NGO meeting with a Colombian government official in the afternoon.

By the time today is over, I’ll have spent 31 hours at meetings and events in the first four days of this week. This is nice—I’ve caught up with a lot of people I haven’t seen in a while. However, I’m falling behind on the kind of work that requires me to sit at a computer, including the maintenance of this site.

Some articles I found interesting this morning

(Even more here)

June 7, 2019

Western Hemisphere Regional

Three individuals, one armed and aiming a firearm at U.S. service members in Yuma, Arizona were apprehended late last month

Colombia

Expuso videos, testimonios y documentos que apuntan a que los entrenamientos militares se basan en la humillación, tortura y maltrato de los oficiales en curso, lo cual, en su concepto, contribuye a que estén dispuestos a matar sin contemplación

Lo que piensan algunos defensores del acuerdo de paz con las Farc es que hay un “desconcierto generalizado” en la comunidad internacional por la postura del gobierno de Iván Duque sobre la implementación de lo pactado en La Habana

El mandatario finalmente promulgó en silencio y a regañadientes la norma que trató de modificar con las fracasadas objeciones

Huyen de combates entre el Eln y las disidencias de las Farc, lo que abriría una nueva confrontación en el sur del departamento

Los habitantes de esa región todavía no han superado las secuelas del conflicto armado que padecieron hace un par de décadas y están sufriendo una nueva ola de violencia que ha producido más desplazamientos forzados

Cuba

The biggest losers are the small entrepreneurs, intellectuals, and artists who have been agents of change on the island

El Salvador

Mr Bukele’s order to take down Monterrosa’s name—which he announced on Twitter—signals an attempt to break with those parties’ legacies

Guatemala

American carbon emissions are partly responsible for wretchedness in Guatemala that drives emigration, yet when those desperate Guatemalans arrive at the U.S. border they are treated as invaders

When asked about the Gonzalez letter indicating it was the Morales administration that requested troops, Morales scoffed, said journalists should ask the letter’s author and promptly left

Honduras

Las principales ciudades de Honduras amanecieron este jueves llenas de elementos de la seguridad del Estado en momentos en que este país centroamericano se debate en una crisis política-social

Mexico

Any migrants who made it to the U.S. border generally would be deported to the appropriate third country. And any migrants who express a fear of death or torture in their home country would be subjected to a tougher screening standard

Mujica y Sánchez están acusados de tráfico de personas y han sido vinculados a las caravanas; un fenómeno que, en la práctica, permite a los migrantes atravesar México sin recurrir a un coyote

Nothing would be a more indefensible concession than granting a potential request for Mexico to become a “safe third country” for Central American immigrants. McAleenan is mistaken: Mexico is not a safe country for refugees

Guatemalans looking for refuge would have to apply for asylum in Mexico rather than the United States. And those fleeing El Salvador and Honduras would have to seek asylum in Guatemala rather than continuing on to Mexico or the United States

Venezuela

Though offering sanctions relief to individuals emerges as a dominant tool of the U.S. government strategy in Venezuela, it remains to be seen how effective such offers can be at lowering exit costs

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